![]() ![]() This is arguably efficient and evolutionarily convenient, in that both attention and reward serve to filter the most relevant sensory information so as to optimize cognitive adaptation (Driver, 2001 Manohar et al., 2015 Maunsell, 2004). Value-driven attentional capture (Anderson et al., 2011, 2014 Bourgeois et al., 2016), on the one hand, and statistical learning or selection history (Duncan & Theeuwes, 2020 Failing & Theeuwes, 2018 Jiang et al., 2015), on the other hand, appear to escape these labels, all while representing powerful determinants of attentional biases. top-down attention Awh et al., 2012 see Anderson, 2021). The concept of priority maps helped moving beyond classic dichotomies (i.e., bottom-up vs. Traces of behavioral salience can be found in the brain as early as the superior colliculus (White, Berg, et al., 2017a White, Kan, et al., 2017b) and the primary visual cortex (Li, 2002), although still confined to the physical features that they encode (Bisley & Mirpour, 2019). Priority maps in the brain represent the physical, low-level properties of stimuli but, the higher the hierarchy level, the more maps start to encode behavioral relevance beyond those features (Bisley & Mirpour, 2019 Fecteau & Munoz, 2006). Intrinsically rewarding stimuli attract spatial attention (Anderson et al., 2011 Awh et al., 2012 Chelazzi et al., 2013 Hickey et al., 2010 Sprague & Serences, 2013). ![]() ![]() We conclude that pupillometry can provide a robust marker for attentional priority computation and useful indications regarding motivational states and individual attitudes toward conditioned stimuli. Pupil size was more sensitive at lower nicotine dependence levels, and at increased abstinence time (though these two variables were collinear). The possibility that pupil constriction may reflect a bias toward central vision, for example, attentional capture, is discussed in terms of sensory tuning with respect to nicotine-related stimuli. We found that changes in pupil size to nicotine-related visual stimuli could reliably predict, in cross-validated logistic regression, the smoking status of young smokers (showing pupil constriction) better than more traditional proxy measures. We were particularly interested in potential markers related to pupil size, because pupil diameter reflects a range of autonomic, affective, and cognitive/attentional reactions to behaviorally significant stimuli and is a robust marker of appetitive and aversive learning. Here, we sought to probe the markers of attentional priority in smokers through eye-tracking measures, by leveraging the established link between eye movements and spatial attention. This phenomenon occasionally conflicts with behavioral goals, leading to maladaptive consequences, as in the case of addiction, in which attentional biases have been described and linked with clinically meaningful variables, such as craving level or dependence intensity. Spatial attention can be magnetically attracted by behaviorally salient stimuli. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |